Under Florida law, a Last Will & Testament can be changed, but this must be done correctly or the court will not uphold the validity of your will.  Never make changes by hand or simply cross out items.  The only way to properly make changes to an existing will is to execute a codicil to the will.  A codicil is an amendment that attaches to the will.  Your other option is to revoke the entire will and start over.   

According to the Florida Statutes, the revocation of a will can occur in three ways: revocation by writing, revocation by physical act, and revocation by operation of law.  So if you want to revoke a will, destroy it and any copies, or make a new one that revokes all earlier wills.  Then in your new will you can be sure to add your burial and funeral arrangements, include new family members, or makes any other changes you would like.  Wills are dated when executed, so there will be no question about which came first.  For further reference, see Florida Statutes Section 732.505 on revocation by writing.  If you live in Florida, contact a Florida estate planning attorney for help with preparing a codicil or a new will.

Here is an article from Pennsylvania Estate Planning and Taxation Attorney, Steven J. Fromm:  

Michael Jackson & Farrah Fawcett: Estate Plan Wake Up Call

There is no excuse for not having a will.  Here are the top 10 excuses and the reasons why you need to write a Last Will and Testament!

     Excuse # 1 – I am so young, I don’t even need a will.  Death is a certainty for everyone.  The only thing we don’t know is when it’s coming.  Unless you have a will, state law will determine how everything you own is devised.  Your will is your way of saying who gets what you own.  Unless you do not own anything at all or are under 18, you need a will.  Now look around and think about who you want to get your stuff.

     Excuse # 2 – I don’t have time.  As someone wiser than me once said, you can sleep when you’re dead.  But, you can’t write a will when you’re dead.

     Excuse # 3 – I don’t own enough. If you own anything, you should decide for yourself who gets it.  Your earthly goods may have little monetary value, but they may have sentimental value.  To prevent family feuds, provide detailed instructions about who gets what personal property and update it often.

     Excuse # 4 – I’m single and don’t have any kids.  If you have no kids or spouse, Florida law dictates that your estate will go to your blood relatives in a particular order (see Florida Statutes 732.103).  Your friends or domestic partner will be left out unless you write a will.   

     Excuse # 5 – I have kids, but my mother will take them if I die.  Without a will, a Judge will decide who raises you kids and controls their inheritance.  All parents need to use a will to choose guardians for their children.  Parents may also appoint one person to care for the children and another person to be in charge of their money.

     Excuse # 6 - My family will know how to distribute my belongings.  Your family does not get first call.  The state does.  If you count your friends, including partners or boy/girlfriend, as family, you definitely need to get a will or they will not be left a single thing by the state.  Not having a will may end up making things more difficult for the family, friends and loved ones you left behind.    

     Excuse # 7 – I own my house jointly with my spouse or a co-owner.  The property you own in joint tenancy or a tenancy by the entirety will pass to your spouse or co-owner.  You likely still have other assets that are titled only in your name or other stuff you want to go to specific people.  Also, use of joint ownership may cause an increase in estate taxes over the joint lives of the married persons, force double probates if you and your spouse die at the same time, raise exposure during life to the debts of the other owner, and cause other hassles about estate taxes.

     Excuse # 8 – I do not need a will because I have life insurance.  Life insurance provides money to the person named as the beneficiary in the policy.  A will is still necessary to dispose of other assets that a person owns at death and name those persons that will inherit those assets.   

     Excuse # 9 – I don’t want to increase probate expenses.  Having a will does not increase probate expenses.  If anything, having a will reduces probate expense.  Even if you have no will, your heirs will still have to go to court to administer your estate.  The procedure for administering an estate is often more expensive than administering a will.  A properly drawn will names the beneficiaries and delineates procedures to simplify the administration process.  Not having a will likely makes this process take longer and cost more. 

     Excuse #10 – I cannot afford to write a will.  Contrary to popular belief, it doesn’t cost much to write a will.  It is certainly not a pleasant thing to think about.  Why not delegate it to a qualified professional?  Many attorneys offer reasonable, flat fees and free consultations.  There is plenty of competition, so if you don’t like one attorney, consult with another one.  Attorneys will ensure that your will is properly executed and will alert you to issues you may not have thought of before (like taxes or health care directives, for example). 

Contact me or share your comments below.

Thinking about making your own will?  Before writing your own will using some do-it-yourself will form kit, read my blog post on the subject, which was featured by The Consumerist, a leading online resource for consumer-driven advice.  Will Form Kits v. Attorney:  Is it worth the money to have an attorney write your will?

I have received several questions about how one processes or obtains a copy of a will, especially when there are doubts as to its validity.   Here is a recent one.

Question:  My dad passed away here in Florida where he lived, but someone coming in for the funeral from Texas says he has my dad’s will in a safe deposit box, and that he will tell everyone what they will get when he gets here.  Is that legal?  Is there some kind of process we need to go through to make sure that’s what my dad wanted? 

Answer:  There is a formal process for this under Florida law.  This is known as Probate.  Your father must have created a valid Will.  Otherwise, his estate will pass according to state law.  Your father’s friend from Texas should file the Will with the Clerk of the Circuit Court in the county where your father lived.  The Texan can show you the Will if he wants, but that is not required.  If he doesn’t show you the Will, you can obtain a copy of it from the court after it is filed.  A Judge will rule on the validity of the Will, and you can contest it under certain circumstances.  If the person with possession of the Will does not file it within a reasonable amount of time (10 days), you can file an action with the court requiring him to do so and have him pay your attorney’s fees and costs as well.  You can also have a Florida attorney send him a letter demanding that he comply with the law before filing in court.  Please feel free to contact me for assistance.

Will

I recently received the following question: Is your living will protected from creditors?

A Living Will is not the same as a Legal Will. A Legal Will disposes of personal property after death and appoints a personal representative.  A Living Will provides instructions regarding future health care and end-of life scenarios.  A Living Will has nothing to do with your property or claims from creditors.

Under Florida law, every competent adult has the right to make decisions about his or her own health, including the right to advise the doctor to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining equipment (“pulling the plug”).  The Florida Legislature has provided a suggested form to do this within Florida Statutes §765.303.  The free Living Will form is also available from the Florida Bar’s website.  You should sign a Living Will in front of two witnesses, at least one of which should not be related to you by blood or marriage.  Once you have created a Living Will, provide a copy to your treating physician or hospital.  Keep another copy in a safe place.

You may also choose a Health Care Surrogate to make all health care decisions on your behalf in the event you become unable to do so.  If you have no Living Will, but you have executed a valid Health Care Surrogate designation, the surrogate can make decisions on your behalf should you become incapacitated.

If you need legal assistance to create these documents, please do not hesitate to contact me, a Florida Estate Planning Attorney.  I include a free Living Will and Health Care Surrogate designation with any Will or Estate Planning Package created by my office.

If you already have a will, there are certain events that may trigger the need to service or update your estate plan. 

  • Marriage, divorce, or separation
  • Arrival of a new child by birth or adoption
  • Substantial changes in the value of your assets
  • Loss of benefits or change in business
  • Decline in health
  • Purchase of a property
  • Sudden need to take care of a family member or friend
  • Death of a family member or spouse
  • Move to a new state
  • Tax law changes
  • Desire to pick a new successor beneficiary, trustee, representative, guardian, or administrator.

The Florida Bar has created consumer pamphlets to provide information to the public.  I highly recommend reviewing the pamphlets on wills, trusts, and estates.  The pamphlet can be found by visiting www.floridabar.org and clicking on the consumer information tab under public information.  To schedule an initial consultation, please contact me, a Florida Estate Planning Attorney.

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